{"id":565,"date":"2019-07-17T16:24:21","date_gmt":"2019-07-17T14:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/?page_id=565"},"modified":"2019-07-18T12:56:28","modified_gmt":"2019-07-18T10:56:28","slug":"1-4-logical-operators","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/1-4-logical-operators\/","title":{"rendered":"1.4. Logical operators"},"content":{"rendered":"

One of the most basic and yet productive techniques when searching for information on the Internet is the use of logical<\/strong> operators<\/strong> between keywords. This type of search is called a Boolean<\/strong> search, after the English mathematician George Boole, who created a logical system to relate or exclude concepts. Most search engines understand and accept logical operators (AND NOT, NEAR and OR) and their equivalences as mathematical symbols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Logical operator<\/strong><\/th>\nMathematical symbol<\/strong><\/th>\nDescription<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
AND<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nIt tells the search engine to show results that contain both of the words linked by the operator. For instance, Sitges<\/em> AND modernism<\/em> will retrieve pages that contain both concepts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOT<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n–<\/td>\nIt tells the search engine that we want to find the word before the operator, but excluding the word after the operator. For instance, Sitges NOT modernism<\/em> will provide pages about Sitges that include no references to modernism.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OR<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nWhite space<\/td>\nAt least one of the words should appear on the page. In this case, Sitges OR modernism<\/em> will show us pages that refer to either Sitges or modernism (nevertheless, by default, it will show first those pages that contain both terms).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nPut the word in quotation marks<\/td>\nThis is the way to ask the search engine to show results that contain both words in a row. In this case, Sitges NEAR modernism<\/em> will retrieve pages where a word is next to the other or close by.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Even though the asterisk (*)<\/strong> may not be considered an operator, search engines consider it a wild card. Thus, moder* will provide results that contain words such as modernism, modern, moderation, etc.<\/p>\n

The operators mentioned above (or their equivalents) may be used in combination, which means that the search may be further refined. For instance, the expression \u201cSitges moder<\/em>*\u201d NOT painting<\/em> will retrieve pages that contain Sitges and modernism (or modernity or modern, etc.) and do not include the concept \u201cpainting\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

One of the most basic and yet productive techniques when searching for information on the Internet is the use of logical operators between keywords. This type of search is called a Boolean search, after the English mathematician George Boole, who created a logical system to relate or exclude concepts. Most search engines understand and accept […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=565"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":668,"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565\/revisions\/668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cerca-informacio.recursos.uoc.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}